Fallout 4 allows players to mod weapons with different components to make them more effective but given the amount of guns you're likely to pick up on your travels through the Commonwealth, finding the one you need in your inventory can take time.
There's a pretty simple solution however, when you mod weapons you're given the option to name them. All you need to do is name all of your weapons with your ammo type first, for example the .45 Capownd or the 10mm Armour Breaker etc.
Here's a tip for comparing/sorting your inventory tho - name all your guns with the ammo type first: pic.twitter.com/EULGwxe7hu
— Gav (@miracleofsound) November 13, 2015
As with any weapon, you can use them or sell them to vendors for bottlecaps.