There are a number of reasons for traveling long-distance in Minecraft. Perhaps you’ve run out of inspiration in the environment where you’ve made your home and need to go find something new to inspire you to build on it. Maybe it’s the other way around, and you’ve been inspired to build something, but there’s no good location for it near your current home. You could be playing on a multiplayer server and decide that the local skyline is too crowded, or the local landscape hasn’t got enough space left in it. Mayhaps you’ve mined out all the useful minerals it’s easy to get to near your home and want to find a fresh place to dig.
Whatever the situation is, it pays to know exactly what you’re going to need in order to pull up stakes and move, so that you can do so in an efficient and easy manner.
The first thing you’re going to want is armor- whatever kind you can wear, take the best and put it on. You never know what sort of situation you’re going to run into out there, and it’ll be all the worse for you if enough skeletons spot you to lay you flat and leave your possessions scattered on the ground somewhere you don’t remember how to get to.
The second thing you’re going to want is food- to keep you ready to run in case of creeper or darkness, and so that you can be sure of healing up should you get into a scuffle.
Like when you go on a mining expedition, you’re going to want a single set of your best tools. But only a single set- most reusable tools don’t stack, remember, so the raw materials will take up far less space in your inventory.
This frees room for your furnace and crafting bench- the latter of which you may find yourself putting down and using more than once on your trip as items wear out.
In addition to these, you’ll want to take your best materials with you- a decent-sized stack of cobblestone and at least a full stack of iron, as well as all the diamond you have and a good bit of uncut wood. A stack of coal wouldn’t go amiss either.
Finally, a couple of chests would be a good idea- since it will let you put your stuff down in temporary camps if you want to stop and more thoroughly explore an area.
Once you have these things, you’re ready for some overland travel for the sake of moving. Don’t worry about your home structure in a single-player game; the game will always keep it right where it is, ready and waiting for you when (if) you return. On a multiplayer game, well, you’ll have to rely on whatever protections you have for when you aren’t logged in, so it -is- possible for your former home to get co-opted. Gifting it to another player or simply taking the most valuable resources from it will keep this from being too much of a loss, though, so try to do that if possible.