Alan's enemies, the Taken, are quite difficult to divide into classes, as they have no names, signatures, nicknames, etc. It is even hard to describe their appearance, as you usually see them in the dark, hiding all the details of their bodies. However, you can distinguish various types of enemies by watching their shape and weapons. These two properties served as a base for me in creating the list below.
Enemies with an average looking body are equipped with only one weapon, and they're extremely popular in the game's world. These guys are quite slow and you can easily eliminate them with a firearm. If a whole group of them wants to attack you, it is essential to keep them in a distance, so they won't be able to surround you.
Frequency of presence: high
Enemies of an average looking body armed with to weapons are quite fast and - the worst thing - they can throw their axes, knives and other sharp stuff at Alan. Their "ammunition" never runs out and they don't need to get close to the protagonist in order to hurt him. That's why these guys are so dangerous. Eliminate them at the very beginning of the combat. If you run out of ammunition, run away with a zigzag, so you won't get hit with an axe.
Frequency of presence: high
Tall and well-built enemies are extremely tough (with full health, these guys can survive even an attack with a flashbang), they deal incredible damage, but on the other hand, they're very slow. It is possible, that a Taken of this type will perform a devastating charge. In that case, it is always a good thing to get out of his way. Try killing them from a distance, if you run out of battery while you eradicate the Darkness inside your enemy, do not hesitate to put inside a new one. It seems like these massive enemies can regenerate the Darkness, so don't let them get out of the light. Finish them off with a powerful weapon - a shotgun or hunting rifle.
Frequency of presence: medium
Slim and low enemies are very fast. They tend to move in a very acrobatic way, that's way they enter the battle by jumping over a wall, other high objects or through windows. These opponents are not only running fast, but they can also swing their weapon way faster than other Taken. That's why you should never let them approach you. Fortunately, they're incredibly weak, so even with a revolver you can finish them off with ease.
Frequency of presence: medium
Mighty Taken armed with chainsaws are unbelievably tough and extremely slow. They also issue devastating attacks. Use your best weapons to eliminate this type of opponents. If a chainsaw guy attacks you with other enemies at his side, eliminate the others first, and kill the chainsaw Taken in the end.
Frequency of presence: low
The last type of enemies can be easily recognized, thanks to the way these guys move. Slightly obese Taken are extremely fast (they look very blurred while they run), exceptionally tough and they rarely attack Alan when they operate alone. Each time a guy like this stops, light him up with your flashlight to kill the Darkness inside him. After a few attacks of that kind, the opponent cannot run fast any longer and become an easy prey. If these sprinters are attacking you with other types of Taken, eliminate this type in the end.
Frequency of presence: low