There are 50 Achievements worth a total of 1,000 GP (not including DLC), and obtaining all 50 of these has a difficulty rating of about 6 out of 10, which means that while some extra effort is required you should be able to obtain all of the Achievements in this game without too much trouble.
The Achievements are spread over the entire game, and the chapter that you are likely to obtain them in is noted for each. The Achievements are listed in alphabetical order rather than in the order you may acquire them to make looking them up a little easier.
(01) Alan, Wake Up (50 GP) Complete the game on Nightmare difficulty.
In order to play on Nightmare Mode you have to beat the game on either Normal or Hard first. That means that it takes two complete play-through runs to unlock this one!
(02) An Idyllic Small Town (30 GP) Make it through "Night Life in Bright Falls" in one go without dying or restarting even once.
Just like it sounds, start the chapter 'Nightlife in Bright Falls' and then make it through in one go, without dying or restarting even one time! Simple enough, right?
(03) Back! Back, I Say! (10 GP) Save yourself with a flare.
To unlock this one you need to be near dead (your vision will be gray) and then use a flare to drive off a Taken.
(04) Boob Tube (5 GP) See what's on TV.
Watch the TV in the Lodge as you are making your escape to unlock this. Note that this Achievement has no relationship with the one for watching all of the TV Programs in the game. It is its own Achievement and can be earned even if you do not get to the other one.
(05) Bright Falls Aficionado (30 GP) Absorb every bit of local history and culture.
To unlock this you need to read all 25 signs that are located throughout the game.
(06) Bright Falls' Finest (20 GP) You finally manage to make that phone call.
This is story-related and cannot be missed.
(07) Carny (10 GP) Knock over five can pyramids.
Knock down or shoot 5 of the 12 stacks of cans to unlock this.
(08) Child of the Elder God (10 GP) Have a rock'n'roll moment without dropping to a low health state.
During the fight on the stage complete all three sections without your health dropping blow 1/3 -- if your vision goes gray you have failed. If you fail, you can restart from the last checkpoint -- there are three checkpoints in total for this fight.
(09) Collateral Carnage (20 GP) Defeat 20 Taken with indirect means.
This is simple enough to obtain, simply kill 20 Taken using exploding barrels, electric wires, or really strong light sources.
(10) Collector's Edition (50 GP) Find all of the manuscript pages in the game, including the ones in Nightmare mode.
Complete the game on Nightmare Mode having found all 106 Manuscript Pages.
(11) Come One, Come All (10 GP) Kill four Taken with a single shot from the flare gun.
Just like it says, when there are four or more Taken in a group, use the flare gun to kill them all with one shot to unlock this.
(12) Couch Potato (30 GP) Watch every single TV show.
Watch all 14 TV Programs throughout the game to unlock this.
(13) Damn Good Cup of Coffee (20 GP) Discover 25 coffee thermoses.
Pick up 25 Coffee Thermos' to unlock this.
(14) Departure (40 GP) Complete the game on Normal difficulty.
Just like it says, reach the end of the game on Normal Mode.
(15) Drink 'Em Both Up (10 GP) Put de lime in de coconut twice.
To unlock this you need to play the jukebox in the diner twice -- the first time when you arrive in town and stop to pick up the keys, and the second time after you are freed from the jail and are working your way through town with the Sheriff. Playing the jukebox the second time instantly unlocks this.
(16) Energized! (10 GP) Use 100 batteries.
This will come naturally as you play the game, so you do not need to do anything special to get it.
(17) Every Nook and Cranny (30 GP) Discover all of the hidden chests.
Just like it says, get all 30 Supply Chests to unlock this.
(18) Finders Keepers (20 GP) Discover 5 hidden chests.
Unlocked after finding the 5th Hidden Supply Chest.
(19) Float Like a Butterfly (15 GP) Perform a cinematic dodge.
To unlock this, simply do a dodge move successfully AFTER the enemy has started to swing on you.
(20) Follow the Light (10 GP) You were enlightened by a dream.
This is story-related and cannot be missed.
(21) Gatekeeper (10 GP) Cut the power to the transformer yard.
This is story-related and cannot be missed.
(22) Gunless Wonder (30 GP) Make it to Cauldron Lake without firing a single shot in "On the Road to Cauldron Lake."
Make your way to the lake without ever once using a weapon that requires the right trigger to be pressed. As simple as that.
(23) Hardboiled Writer (40 GP) Complete the game on Hard difficulty.
Simply play through the entire game on Hard Mode.
(24) Heavy Metal (10 GP) Survive the bulldozer attack.
When the bulldozer attacks simply use your torch or a flare to kill it.
(25) Hypercaffeinated (30 GP) Discover all coffee thermoses.
All that you need to do is find all 100 Coffee Thermos'
(26) If It Flies, It Burns (20 GP) Burn 1,000 birds.
Kill 1,000 dark birds either with the hand torch or flare gun.
(27) Iron Horse (10 GP) Encounter a steam engine.
You will face parts of an old steam locomotive that have been possessed. Simply kill each with your torch to unlock this.
(28) It's Not Just a Typewriter Brand (20 GP) Defeat 50 Taken with a shotgun.
Kill 50 Taken with the shotgun. Both the double-barrel and the pump-action shotgun count.
(29) KBF-FM (30 GP) Listen to all of the radio shows.
Listen to all 11 Radio Programs to unlock this.
(30) Let There Be Light (10 GP) You have restored power.
This is story-related and cannot be missed.
(31) Medical Opinions (10 GP) Listen to Hartman's recordings.
In Hartman's office there is a tape recorder. Simply play it three (3) times to unlock this.
(32) Meet the Deadline (30 GP) In "Mirror Peak," make it from the Coal Mine Museum to Cauldron Lake in 30 minutes.
Just like it says, make it through that level in 30 minutes or less!
(33) Missed by a Mile (25 GP) Perform a cinematic dodge 20 times.
Simply dodge after the enemy swings 20 times.
(34) Nordic Walking (10 GP) Unlike Stucky, you enjoy incontestable health benefits - namely you are not dead.
This is story-related and cannot be missed.
(35) Paging Mr. Wake (20 GP) Find 25 manuscript pages.
Find 25 Manuscript Pages. Does not have to be in order.
(36) Park Ranger (15 GP) Enjoy the sounds and sights of Elderwood National Park.
This is story-related and cannot be missed.
(37) Perchance to Dream (20 GP) Take a moment to reflect on past events.
This is story-related and cannot be missed.
(38) Picking Up After Yourself (30 GP) Find all of the manuscript pages in Normal mode.
Find all 91 Manuscript Pages in Normal Mode.
(39) Right of Way (10 GP) Drive over 15 Taken.
Remove the shadows of 15 taken with your headlamps and then run them down. Does not have to be done all at the same time.
(40) Sound and Fury (10 GP) Kill four Taken with a single flash-bang.
Just like it sounds -- find a group of four or more Taken together and kill them with a single grenade.
(41) Taken Season (20 GP) Defeat 50 Taken with the hunting rifle.
Just like it sounds -- you can get a count of how many you have killed under statistics in the pause menu.
(42) The Lady of the Light (20 GP) Discover the secret she guards.
This is story-related and cannot be missed.
(43) The Six-Gun Scribe (20 GP) Defeat 100 Taken with the revolver.
Just like it sounds -- you can get a count of how many you have killed under statistics in the pause menu.
(44) They're Heeeeeere! (20 GP) Inanimate objects shouldn't move of their own accord. Put a stop to this affront, oh, say, 20 times.
Just like it sounds -- you can get a count of how many you have killed under statistics in the pause menu.
(45) Thunder and Lightning (20 GP) Defeat 50 Taken with flash-bang grenades.
Just like it sounds -- you can get a count of how many you have killed under statistics in the pause menu.
(46) Tornado Wrangler (20 GP) Defeat the tornado.
This is story-related and cannot be missed.
(47) Two For the Price of One (10 GP) Kill two Taken with a single shotgun blast.
Simply remove the shadows of two Taken that are close together and kill them with the same shotgun blast.
(48) Under a Thin Layer of Skin (10 GP) Defy the park ranger.
This is story-related and cannot be missed.
(49) What Light Through Yonder Window (20 GP) Defeat 50 Taken with the flare gun, the way Shakespeare intended.
Just like it sounds -- you can get a count of how many you have killed under statistics in the pause menu.
(50) Wheels Within Wheels (20 GP) Meet the kidnapper.
This is story-related and cannot be missed.