The availability of enchantments in Minecraft ranges from low to high and requires Experience points and bookshelves. To reach the highest levels of enchantment, 15 bookshelves need to surround your enchantment table. (However, the bookshelves don’t have to be connected.)
To achieve a lower enchantment, you should place a block, such as a piece of carpet or a torch, between the enchantment table and a bookcase. Unfortunately, you don’t fully control which enchantment is available.
After constructing an enchantment table, here’s how to enchant a tool or armor:
Open up your enchanting screen by right-clicking the enchantment table.
The enchanting screen will show, with a place where you can place items, and 3 buttons.
Select the tool or armor or other item (like a book) to be enchanted.
Hoes, shears, and horse armor cannot be enchanted on a table.
Power the enchantment table with lapis lazuli.
In the latest version of Minecraft, in order to enchant things, your enchantment table must be powered with lapis lazuli. You do so by placing lapis lazuli in the second block on the enchantment table. Place the same number of lapis lazuli as you have numbers on the right.
Then you’re given three options, displaying only the Experience points required for the spell, and, by moving your mouse over the option, one of the enchantments that you are guaranteed to get, with a one, two, or three as your price. You aren’t given any indication if you will gain any other enchantments for the item you are enchanting however.
Choose one of the three options randomly.
The options are labeled using a special language (with characters called runes) but even when ciphered, the combination of runes doesn’t disclose the enchantment. The higher the level option, the higher level enchantment you will receive. To know what the item was enchanted with, mouse over the item in your inventory and the enchantment will appear under the item name.
To get around the problem of not knowing what an item will be enchanted with, many players choose to enchant a book, revealing the enchantment, and then use the book on an anvil to apply a specific enchantment to the desired item. For a list of enchantments, see Table 8-1.
The one, two, and three are your cost. Choosing one means you will have to pay one experience point, and one lapis lazuli. Paying three means you will have to pay three experience points and three lapis lazuli.
Here is a list of enchantments.