In Fallout 4, you will find various Companions in a different location which can help you with your missions, but some companions come with a request to complete their quest first in order gain the perks. Here is the list of all the Companions in Fallout 4 and their Locations.
Location:
Companion Quest: None
Perk
Robot Sympathy - Gain +10 Damage Resistance against robot energy attacks.
Can be my wasteland lover - No
Location:
Companion Quest:
Benign Intervention - She will tell you a story once you have gained her trust that will prompt you to take her to another location to help her. To gain trust with Cait pick some locks, steal some shit and generally walk around naked.
Perk:
Trigger Rush - Regenerate Action Points 25% faster once your health is below 25% of its total.
Can be my wasteland lover - Yes
Location:
Companion Quest:
Emergent Behavior - You must first gain her trust before she reveals it to you. To gain trust with Curie, be non-violent and chose passive text choices and helping out any other robots.
Perk:
Combat Medic - This perk allows you to heal 100 Hit Points of damage if your health is less than 10%.
Can be my wasteland lover - Yes
Location:
Companion Quest:
Call to Arms - An initiating quest to joining the Brotherhood of Steel. You can start this quest by helping him at the given location and providing him with further help.
Perk:
Know your Enemy - This perk provides 20% more damage against ghouls, synths, and super mutants.
Can be my wasteland lover - Yes
Location:
Companion Quest: None
Perk:
Cloak and Dagger - This perk allows you to gain an increase in sneak attack damage and the duration of your Stealth Boy by 20%.
Can be my wasteland lover - No
Location:
Companion Quest:
The Silver Shroud - You must complete the side quest The Silver Shroud which is available from Kent in the Memory Den in Goodneighbor.
Perk
Isodoped - This perk allows you to recharge your Critical Hit meter by 20%, with the catch that you have to have a Radiation value of at least 250.
Can be my wasteland lover - Yes
Location:
Companion Quest:
Long Road Ahead - You need to gain trust from MacCready before he will tell you what he needs to be done. In order to gain MacCready as a companion, you will have to fork out some caps to have him by your side.
Perk:
Killshot - This perk gives you a 20% improved chance of hitting an enemy’s head in V.A.T.S.
Can be my wasteland lover - Yes
Location:
Companion Quest:
Long Time Coming - You will need to find Valentine first before he is available as a companion and gain his trust to get this quest. This can be done by picking up the quest to find him in his Detective Agency.
Perk:
Close to Metal - This perk is rather different as it gives you one more guess at choosing a password within a terminal while also giving a 50% faster terminal cooldown.
Can be my wasteland lover - No
Location:
Companion Quest:
Story of the Century - This quest is activated upon arrival at Diamond City. She will be arguing with the mayor and invite you to visit her at Publick Occurrences in the market place to gain her as a companion.
Perk:
Gift of Gab - This perk gives you double XP for speech challenges and when visiting new locations.
Can be my wasteland lover - Yes
Location:
Companion Quest: None
You need to rescue him and other settlers from the Museum of Freedom.
Perk:
United we Stand - This perk gives you +20% Damage Resistance and +20% damage if facing 3 or more enemies at once.
Can be my wasteland lover - Yes
Location:
Companion Quest:
You must free both him and another man within the Trinity Tower. You can gain this quest by being within the range of the Trinity Tower and listening to the broadcast.
Perk:
Beserk - This perk gives you the opportunity to deal 20% more melee damage, so long as your health is below 25%.
Can be my wasteland lover - No
Companion Quest:
Receive X6-88 as a companion once you have found The Institute.
Perk:
Shield Harmonics - This perk gives you a 20% increase in your Energy Resistance.
Can be my wasteland lover - No